KHz to THz: Unified Trends in RF Frequency Scaling
TL;DR
This article introduces a Frequency Scaling Equation (FSE) that models RF technology evolution from kHz to THz, based on analysis of over 1,000 transistor works from 1985-2025, providing a unified scaling framework akin to Moore's Law.
KHz to THz: Unified Trends in RF Frequency Scaling
Asif Alam; Muhmmad Shah Alam
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3646610
Volume 14
RF technology has progressed from kilohertz spark gaps to multi-gigahertz integrated circuits, yet—unlike digital electronics—it has lacked a Moore-style scaling framework. By extracting state-of-the-art transistors from over 1,000 works (1985–2025), we propose a Frequency Scaling Equation (FSE) that captures RF performance evolution for the first time. The FSE combines an exponential frontier, wh...