Indian Ocean Dipole's Potential to Mitigate El Niño's Impact on Monsoon

El Niño has developed in the Pacific Ocean, potentially affecting India's monsoon season with below-normal rainfall, rising temperatures, and drought-like conditions. However, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) could offset El Niño's impact, as a positive IOD would strengthen moisture flow towards India, increasing the likelihood of enhanced rainfall during the monsoon season. The IOD is a climate phenomenon driven by differences in sea surface temperatures between the western and eastern regions of the Indian Ocean.