Nature (Nature) | Latest Research

Abstract Therapies that harness the immune system to target and eliminate tumour cells have revolutionized cancer care. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), which boosts the anti-tumour immune response by inhibiting negative regulators of T cell activation1,2,3, is remarkably successful in a subset of

A nowhere-to-hide mechanism ensures complete piRNA-directed DNA methylation

Abstract The mouse PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway provides sustained anti-transposon immunity to the developing male germline by directing transposon DNA methylation1,2,3. The first step in this process is the recruitment of SPOCD1 to young LINE1 loci4. Thereafter, piRNA-mediated tethering of

3D-printed low-voltage-driven ciliary hydrogel microactuators

Abstract Micrometre-sized, densely packed natural cilia that perform non-reciprocal 3D motions with dynamically tunable collective patterns are crucial for biological processes such as microscale locomotion1, nutrient acquisition2, cell trafficking3,4,5 and embryonic and neurological development6,7

Direct observation of the Migdal effect induced by neutron bombardment

Abstract The search for dark matter focuses now on hypothetical light particles with masses ranging from MeV to GeV (refs. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12). These particles would leave very faint signals experimentally. A potential avenue for enhancing experimental sensitivity to light matter relies on

A foundation model for continuous glucose monitoring data

Abstract Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) generates detailed temporal profiles of glucose dynamics, but its full potential for achieving glucose homeostasis and predicting long-term outcomes remains underutilized. Here we present GluFormer, a generative foundation model for CGM data trained with

Global subsidence of river deltas

Abstract River deltas sustain dense human populations, major economic centres and vital ecosystems worldwide1,2. Rising sea levels and subsiding land threaten the sustainability of these valuable landscapes with relative sea-level rise and associated flood, land loss and salinization hazards1,2,3.

Mosaic lateral heterostructures in two-dimensional perovskite

Abstract Lateral heterostructures are important for exploring exotic physics, developing new devices and achieving device miniaturization1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. Endo-epitaxial growth occurring in patterned templates presents a promising strategy to realize extensive patterned areas in heterostructures, as

Exciplex-enabled high-efficiency, fully stretchable OLEDs

Abstract Fully stretchable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), composed entirely of intrinsically stretchable materials, are essential for on-skin displays1,2,3. However, their low device efficiency has been a persistent barrier to practical applications for more than a decade4. Here we addresse

Trapping of single atoms in metasurface optical tweezer arrays

Abstract Optical tweezer arrays have emerged as a key experimental platform1,2 for quantum computation3,4, quantum simulation5,6 and quantum metrology7,8, enabling unprecedented levels of control over single atoms and molecules. The ability to scale such arrays has become a defining challenge. Typi

Training large language models on narrow tasks can lead to broad misalignment

Abstract The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) raises important questions about their safety and alignment1. Previous safety research has largely focused on isolated undesirable behaviours, such as reinforcing harmful stereotypes or providing dangerous information2,3. Here we anal

The ubiquitin ligase KLHL6 drives resistance to CD8+ T cell dysfunction

Abstract The multifaceted dysfunction of tumour-infiltrating T cells, including exhaustion and mitochondrial dysfunction, remains a major obstacle in cancer immunotherapy1,2,3,4,5,6. Transcriptomic and epigenomic regulation of T cell dysfunction have been extensively studied7,8,9, but the role of p

Coherent nonlinear X-ray four-photon interaction with core-shell electrons

Abstract Coherent nonlinear light–matter interaction with X-rays gives access to a regime in ultrafast spectroscopy in which atomic resolution meets femtosecond and attosecond timescales1,2. Particularly, X-ray four-wave mixing, involving several resonant transitions in a single coherent nonlinear

N1-Methylpseudouridine directly modulates translation dynamics

Abstract The considerable success of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has underscored the potential of synthetic mRNA as a transformative biomedical technology1. A critical feature of this approach is the incorporation of the modified nucleoside N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ), which enhances antigen

Little red dots as young supermassive black holes in dense ionized cocoons

Abstract The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered many compact galaxies at high redshift with broad hydrogen and helium lines, including the enigmatic population of little red dots (LRDs) 5. Astrophys. J. 964, 39 (2024)." href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09900-4#ref-CR1"

Ultra-high-throughput mapping of genetic design space

Abstract Massively parallel genetic screens have been used to map sequence-to-function relationships for a variety of genetic elements1,2,3,4,5. However, as these approaches interrogate only short sequences, it remains challenging to perform high-throughput assays on constructs containing combinati

Language model-guided anticipation and discovery of mammalian metabolites

Abstract Despite decades of study, large parts of the mammalian metabolome remain unexplored1. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics routinely detects thousands of small molecule-associated peaks in human tissues and biofluids, but typically only a small fraction of these can be identified, and stru

CFAP20 salvages arrested RNAPII from the path of co-directional replisomes

Abstract Fine-tuning DNA replication and transcription is crucial to prevent collisions between their machineries1. This is particularly important near promoters, where RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) initiates transcription and frequently arrests, forming R-loops2,3,4. Arrested RNAPII can obstruct DNA

Ligand-specific activation trajectories dictate GPCR signalling in cells

Abstract G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key mediators of cell communication and represent the most important class of drug targets1,2. Biophysical studies with purified GPCRs in vitro have suggested that they exist in an equilibrium of distinct inactive and active states, which is modulate

Disease tolerance and infection pathogenesis age-related tradeoffs in mice

Abstract Disease tolerance is a defence strategy essential for survival of infections, limiting physiological damage without killing the pathogen1,2. The disease course and pathology an infection may cause can change over the lifespan of a host due to the structural and functional physiological cha

Dominant contribution of Asgard archaea to eukaryogenesis

Abstract The origin of eukaryotes is one of the key problems in evolutionary biology1,2. The demonstration that the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) already contained the mitochondrion—an endosymbiotic organelle derived from an alphaproteobacterium—and the discovery of Asgard archaea—the clos

Electrochemical defluorinative Matteson-type homologation

Abstract The Matteson homologation, first developed in 1980, elongates carbon chains by insertion into a C−B bond.1 This versatile reaction traditionally requires three steps: carbanion formation, nucleophilic addition to organoboron, and a thermo- or Lewis acid-promoted boronate rearrangement. The

A young progenitor for the most common planetary systems in the Galaxy

Abstract The Galaxy’s most common known planetary systems have several Earth-to-Neptune-size planets in compact orbits1. At small orbital separations, larger planets are less common than their smaller counterparts by an order of magnitude. The young star V1298 Tau hosts one such compact planetary s

A hidden diversity of ceratopsian dinosaurs in Late Cretaceous Europe

Abstract Late Cretaceous Europe was an archipelago with a dinosaur fauna characterized by island effects such as low diversity, relictualism and insular dwarfism1. Its dinosaur communities include a unique mix of groups with typical Laurasian or Gondwanan affinities and distinctive endemics1. Chief

Surface optimization governs the local design of physical networks

Abstract The brain’s connectome1,2,3 and the vascular system4 are examples of physical networks whose tangible nature influences their structure, layout and, ultimately, their function. The material resources required to build and maintain these networks have inspired decades of research into wirin

Prefrontal neural geometry of learned cues guides motivated behaviours